Vitalik: Ethereum will eventually achieve instant transfer of native assets across L2 through L1

Vitalik Buterin, the founder of Ethereum, stated in a post that it is surprising to see many mainstream Layer 2 solutions reach Stage 1 "finite training rounds." The next goal is to achieve fast withdrawals through zero-knowledge proof systems. He believes this is more important than reaching Stage 2 "no training rounds." Fast withdrawal times are crucial as they will reduce the capital costs for liquidity providers. If the native withdrawal time can be shortened to less than 1 hour in the short term and to 12 seconds in the medium term, it will further solidify Ethereum Layer 1 as the default platform for issuing assets and the economic center of the Ethereum ecosystem.

To achieve this, we need to abandon the Optimistic proof system, which essentially requires waiting for several days to withdraw. Historically, zero-knowledge proof technology has been immature and costly, making Optimistic proof a wise and secure choice. However, this situation is rapidly changing, with the 2-of-3 ZK + OP + TEE proof system strategy striking a balance between security, speed, and maturity. In the long run, we will ultimately achieve almost instant native asset transfers across L2 through L1.